Jesse James (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882)
He was a bank robber. In 1869 he robbed Davies County Savings Association Bank in Gallatin, Missouri, and murdered the cashier.
Once Jesse James was shot in the chest and his cousin, Zerelda Mimms (July 21, 1845 – November 13, 1900) looked after him. They got married on April 24, 1874 and had two children.
Allan Pinkerton was after him and when Jesse James killed some of his agents, his priority was to capture James. Allan Pinkerton's agency pursued outlaw Jesse James, leading to a violent conflict that included failed raids, the deaths of Pinkerton agents and Jesse's young half-brother, and a bomb attack on the James farm. Although the Pinkertons' relentless hunt for the James brothers involved infiltration and raids, they ultimately failed to capture Jesse or Frank, who were not brought to justice by the agency but by others.
Robert Ford (December 8, 1861 – June 8, 1892) was the man who killed Jesse James. On April 3, 1882, after eating breakfast, the Fords and Jameses went into the living room before traveling to Platte City for a robbery. Robert Ford later said he believed that James had realized they were there to betray him. Instead of confronting them, James walked across the living room and laid his revolvers on a sofa. He turned around and noticed a dusty picture above the mantle, and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford drew his weapon and shot the unarmed Jesse James in the back of the head. James' two previous bullet wounds and partially missing middle finger served to positively identify the body.
Joan of Arc
During her military campaign Joan was injured twice. Once her shoulder and neck were hurt by an arrow, and on another occasion she was hit in the leg with a crowbow jolt.
After she died, her brothers found a woman who looked like her late sister. Claude des Armoises pretended to be Joan. She was armed, dressed like a man, drank deep, danced with men, and called herself Jeanne la Pucelle. She even performed minor acts of magic and fought battles, slaying two men according to her. The whole town of Orléans entertained her as the real Maid. Over the next three years, the brothers and their "sister" traveled from town to town, receiving lavish gifts from Joan's many admirers. Then Jeanne made the mistake of meeting with Charles VII of France in 1439 in Paris. The king repeated the same trick he had attempted with the real Joan, by having someone else pretend to be him. But the False Maid recognized the trap because the real king wore a soft leather boot on one foot due to an injury. However, she was unable to tell him the "secret" Joan had told him - which proved to Charles that Joan had been sent by God to defeat the English - Jeanne confessed to the subterfuge, and begged the king's forgiveness.
Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1393–1406 – 3 February 1468)
He was known for inventing the printing press but actually, a Chinese man called Bi Sheng (972–1051), invented it in 751. Gutenberg just popuarized its use.
Gutenberg is known for printing the bible, making it possible for people to own a bible outside the church.
Gutenberg was left on the verge of bankruptcy when moneylender Johann Fust took him to court. Fust advanced money to Gutenberg to carry on his work, and Fust, in 1455, brought a suit against Gutenberg to recover the money he had lent. The suit was apparently decided in Fust's favour,
Rockefeller was one of the wealthiest Americans of all time and one of the richest people in modern history.. He invested in petroleum. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest shareholder.
John Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934)
He was a bank robber in the 1930s. He was the first person known as America's Public Enemy. He commanded the Dillinger Gang, which was accused of robbing twenty-four banks and four police stations. Dillinger was imprisoned several times and escaped twice.
Joseph McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957)
He set up the un-American Committee in 1938 to find communist spies.
Joseph Stalin
He prepared the extermination of hundreds of thousands of doctors in what is called the Doctors' Plot. It was based on a conspiracy theory that alleged an anti-Soviet cabal of prominent medical specialists, many of whom were ethnically Jewish, intended to murder leading government and Communist Party officials. A few weeks after Stalin's death in 1953, the new Soviet leadership dropped the case due to a lack of evidence. Soon after, the case was declared to have been a fabrication.
His son Yakov (31 March 1907 – 14 April 1943) was captured by the Nazis, and Stalin refused to exchange him for a German prisoner. Yakov eventually committed suicide.
Stalin used body-doubles, one of whom was Felix Dadaev. Felix Dadaev, a former dancer and juggler, had been ordered to work to the Kremlin as Stalin's body double.
He created one of the first newspapers in history the Acta Diurna, in 59 BC.
He was kidnapped by Cilician pirates in 75 BCE, but he famously treated his captivity as a minor inconvenience, demanding a higher ransom, mocking his captors, and insisting on his high value. After his release, Caesar raised a naval force, returned, captured the pirates, and had them crucified, as he had promised his captors.
His great-nephew Octavius became the first Roman Emperor, Augustus. ollowing his maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, Octavian was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, and inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions.
Two of his enemies were Cassius and Cicero. Gaius Cassius Longinus (c. 86 BC – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC.
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. Supporting Pompey during the war, Cicero was pardoned after Caesar's victory. After Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, he led the Senate against Mark Antony, attacking him in a series of speeches.
The group who assassinated Caesar was compiled by the following:
Servius Sulpicius hated Caesar because he had slept with his wife. Servius Sulpicius Rufus (c. 105 BC – 43 BC), was a Roman orator and jurist. He was consul in 51 BC.
Quintus Ligarius (died c. 43 BC) was one of the assassins of Julius Caesar. He had been accused of treason for having opposed Caesar in the civil war in Africa, but was defended so eloquently by Cicero that he was pardoned and allowed to return to Rome.
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (27 April 81 BC – September 43 BC) , who was Caesar's adopted son.
Gaius Trebonius (c. 92 BC – January 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, who became suffect consul in 45 BC. He was an associate of Julius Caesar, having served as his legate and having fought on his side during the civil war, and was among the conspirators of his assassination.
Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)
He was best known for writing the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital.
A sketch called Monna Vanna is very similar to Mona Lisa and experts do not know what the meaning of it is. La Joconde nue or Monna Vanna is a 1514–1516 charcoal drawing with white highlights by the school of Leonardo da Vinci. It is a semi-nude portrait of a woman. The position of the subject's hands and body are almost identical to that of Leonardo's Mona Lisa, leading some experts to suggest this work may be a preparatory drawing for the famous painting.
The Codex Leicester was Da Vinci's manuscript. The Codex Leicester is a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci. The codex is named after Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, who purchased it in 1719. The codex provides an insight into the mind of the Renaissance artist, scientist and thinker, as well as an exceptional illustration of the link between art and science and the creativity of the scientific process.
The Codex Leicester was Da Vinci's manuscript. The Codex Leicester is a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci. The codex is named after Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, who purchased it in 1719. The codex provides an insight into the mind of the Renaissance artist, scientist and thinker, as well as an exceptional illustration of the link between art and science and the creativity of the scientific process.
Marco Polo (c. 1254 – 8 January 1324)
He travelled with his father and uncle, Niccolo and Maffeo. Niccolò Polo (c. 1230 – c. 1294) and Maffeo Polo (c. 1230 – c. 1309)[nb 3] were Italian[a] travelling merchants from the Republic of Venice, best known as the father and uncle, respectively, of the explorer Marco Polo. The brothers went into business before Marco's birth, established trading posts in Constantinople, Sudak in Crimea, and in a western part of the Mongol Empire in Asia. As a duo, they reached modern-day China before temporarily returning to Europe to deliver a message to the Pope.
When Marco Polo returned to Venice, he was arrested. While in prison he met writer called Rustichello, who he told his adventures, and Rustichello wrote "The Travels of Marco Polo". Rustichello da Pisa ( late 13th century), was an Italian romance writer in Franco-Italian language. He is best known for co-writing Marco Polo's autobiography, The Travels of Marco Polo, while they were in prison together in Genoa.
Marco Polo was not the first Europe to explore Asia. The first man was a Franciscan monk, Giovanni da Pian del Carpine (c. 1185 – 1 August 1252).
Marie Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934)
She discovered polonium and radium, using techniques she invented for isolating radioactive isotopes.
She won the Nobel Prize twice. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband and with the physicist Henri Becquerel for their pioneering work developing the theory of "radioactivity". Marie won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium.
He became a monk after he prayed to St Anna for protection from a storm.
He wrote Disputation of the Powers of Indulgence in 1517, which came to be known as the Ninety-five Theses.
Nelson Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013)
Hew as affiliated to the terrorist group, MK, so he spent 27 years in Robben Island Prison.
He won the Nobel Peace Price in 1993.
Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943)
He discovered the existence of X-rays. Nikola Tesla created "shadowgraph" (X-ray) images of his own foot and hand in 1896, using a device he designed, which demonstrated X-rays' ability to penetrate both organic and metallic materials. Although Wilhelm Röntgen is credited with the discovery of X-rays, Tesla began his experiments with high-voltage vacuum tubes around 1894
Nostradamus (December 1503 – July 1566)
In 1550 he started to publish almanacs that contained his visions of the future.
Ramses II (1279–1213 BC)
His reign started in 1279 BC and lasted 66 years. He was the third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty. Along with Thutmose III of the Eighteenth Dynasty, he is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt.
He formed a new capital called Pi-Ramesses at Qantir, near the old site of Avaris.
He was known as Nicholas of Myra.
His mother was unable to have children, so his birth was considered a miracle.
Nicholas was at the Council of Nicaea. The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.
In 1087 Italian sailors stole Nicholas' remains and brought them to Italy. They are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola.
T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935)
He was a British officer who led the Arab armies against the Turks in the Middle East during World War I.
Thomas Edison
He is credited to have invented some things which were not really his inventions.
Humphrey David invented the light bulb. Sir Humphry Davy (17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp.
Wilhelm Rontgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923), invented the X-ray radiograph. He produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays.
Alfred Southwick (May 18, 1826 – June 11, 1898) invented the electric chair.
Edouard Martinville (5 April 1817 – 26 April 1879) invented the sound recorder. He invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph, which was patented in France on 25 March 1857.
Walt Disney
His first animated character was Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Oswald the Lucky Rabbitis an animated cartoon character created in 1927 by Walt Disney. He starred in several animated short films released to theaters from 1927 to 1938.
The last film he worked on was The Jungle Book. The Jungle Book was released on October 18, 1967.
William Shakespeare
His cousin, Edward Arden, attempted to assassinate Elizabeth I. Edward Arden was a prominent Catholic gentleman executed for alleged treason against Queen Elizabeth I in 1583 after his son-in-law, John Somerville, plotted to assassinate the Queen. While Arden maintained his innocence and was seen by some contemporaries as a victim of political persecution by Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester, he was found guilty of conspiracy and hanged. He is known for being a second cousin of Mary Arden, William Shakespeare's mother.
Winston Churchill
He had a passion for eugenics, and he had the idea of creating the perfect Brit.
Graham Sutherland painted his portrait at 80, which he did not like, and his wife burnt it.
Wolfgang Mozart
He had six children with his wife Constance Weber. Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart (née Weber; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a German soprano, later a businesswoman. She is best remembered as the spouse of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who from the evidence of his letters was deeply in love with her throughout their nine-year marriage.
Zoroaster
He created the first monotheist religion. Zoroastrianism eventually became Iran's most prominent religion from around the 6th century BC.
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