First Published: March 23, 2018
This book is a compilation of facts about some outstanding figures in history. I will record here some of the figures and some of the facts.
Abraham Lincoln
He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War, declaring that enslaved people in Confederate-held states were to be freed.
John Wilkes assassinated Lincoln. John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated United States president Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. A member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland, he was a noted actor who was also a Confederate sympathizer; denouncing Lincoln, he lamented the then-recent abolition of slavery in the United States.
Adolph Hitler
His doctor Eduard Bloch, who treated him as a child, was a Jew and Hitler protected him during the Holocaust. Eduard Bloch (30 January 1872 – 1 June 1945) was an Austrian physician practicing in Linz. Bloch was the family doctor of Adolf Hitler and his family until 1907. Following the German annexation of Austria in 1938, Hitler described him as a Edeljude – a noble Jew, and bestowed him Geheime Staatspolizei protection in the midst of Kristallnacht and the escalation of anti-Jewish sentiment in Germany.
Hitler was in love with his niece Geli Raubal. Angela Maria "Geli" Raubal (4 June 1908 – 18 September 1931) was an Austrian woman who was the half-niece of Adolf Hitler. Raubal lived in close contact with her half-uncle Adolf from 1925 until her presumed suicide in 1931.
Eva Braun tried to commit suicide twice during her relationship with Hitler.
Renate Muller was Hitler's mistress and she committed suicide. Renate Müller (26 April 1906 – 7 October 1937) was a German singer and actress in both silent films and sound films, as well as on stage. One of the most successful actresses in German films from the early 1930s, she was courted by the Nazi Party to appear in films that promoted their ideals, but refused. Her sudden death at the age of 31 was initially attributed to epilepsy, but after the end of World War II, some commentators asserted that she was in fact murdered by Gestapo officers, others that she committed suicide. The true circumstances of her death remain unknown.
Akhenaten
He established Aten as the only god. Aten (or Aton) was the solar disk of the sun in ancient Egypt, worshipped as the creator and giver of life. Under the pharaoh Akhenaten, Aten's worship was elevated to a monotheistic, or even henotheistic, state religion, making it the single supreme deity, a concept unique for its time.
He founded the city of Amarna. Amarna is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.
Al Capone
He started as aa bodyguard of Johnny Torrio, and when he was killed, Al Capone took over from him. John Donato Torrio ( January 20, 1882 – April 16, 1957) was an Italian-born mobster who helped build the Chicago Outfit in the 1920s later inherited by his protégé Al Capone.
An important event connected to Al Capone is the St Valentine Massacre. The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre was the gangland murder of seven men associated with Chicago's North Side Gang on February 14, 1929, at a garage in Lincoln Park. Men disguised as police officers carried out the killings with submachine guns, and while Al Capone's South Side Gang was widely suspected of orchestrating the attack, the shooters were never identified or prosecuted. The infamous event, a brutal act in the Prohibition-era power struggle for control of Chicago's illegal alcohol trade, left a lasting impression of gang violence and helped solidify Capone's dominance.
Al Capone's brother James was a prohibition agent and personal bodyguard of President Calvin Coolidge. Richard James "Two-Gun" Hart (March 28, 1892 – October 1, 1952) was an Italian-American sharpshooter and prohibition agent, who was noted for being the elder brother of gangsters Al Capone.
He was married twice. His wives were Mileva Maric and Elsa Lowenthal.
Mileva Marić (19 December 1875 – 4 August 1948) was a Serbian physicist and mathematician. She showed intellectual aptitude from a young age and studied at Zürich Polytechnic in a highly male dominated field, after having studied medicine for one semester at Zürich University. One of her study colleagues at university was her future husband Albert Einstein, to whose early work Marić is thought by some to have contributed (in particular the annus mirabilis papers).
Alexander the Great
He was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16,
His father was Philip II, who had seven wives simultaneously. Olympias was Alexander's mother. The kings of Macedon practiced polygamy. Philip II had seven wives throughout his life, all members of royalty from foreign dynasties, and all of which were considered queens, making their children royalty as well.
His other wives were Stateria II and Parysaatis II.
Stateira (died 323 BC), possibly also known as Barsine, was the daughter of Stateira and Darius III of Persia. After her father's defeat at the Battle of Issus, Stateira and her sisters became captives of Alexander of Macedon. They were treated well, and she became Alexander's second wife.
Parysatis, the youngest daughter of Artaxerxes III of Persia, married Alexander the Great in 324 BC at the Susa weddings. She may have been murdered by Alexander's first wife, Roxana, in 323 BC.
Alexander Graham Bell
Although he is considered the inventor of the telephone, the real inventor was Antonio Meucci. Graham Bell got the first patent for the invention. Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.
He created the Lyceum. The Lyceum was a temple in Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus. It was best known for the Peripatetic school of philosophy founded there by Aristotle in 334 BC.
The Beatles
The name was coined by the original bass player, Stu Sutcliffe. Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe (23 June 1940 – 10 April 1962) was a British painter and musician from Edinburgh, Scotland, best known as the original bass guitarist of the Beatles. Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter.
Pete Best was the drummer before Ringo Starr.
John Lennon was killed by Mark Chapman. Mark David Chapman (born May 10, 1955) is an American man who murdered English musician John Lennon in New York City on December 8, 1980. Chapman fired five shots at the musician from a few yards away; Lennon was hit four times from the back. He was rushed to Roosevelt Hospital and pronounced dead on arrival. Chapman remained at the scene following the shooting and made no attempt to flee or resist arrest.
Benjamin Franklin
Benito Mussolini
He was elected Prime Minister in 1922. His rise to total power culminated with the 1924 elections .
His first wife was Rachele Guidi.
Benito Mussolini was executed by anti-fascist partisans on April 28, 1945, in Giulino di Mezzegra, Italy, while trying to escape to Switzerland with his mistress, Clara Petacci, and other fascists. He and the others were captured, and after being shot, their bodies were hung upside down from a scaffold in Milan's Piazzale Loreto for public display, an act of rough justice in retaliation for the fascists' recent murders of patriots.
Black Beard
He was a pirate for just fifteen months. Lieutenant Robert Maynard ambushed and killed him. In November 1718, Maynard was tasked with hunting down and capturing the notorious pirate Blackbeard. While leading HMS Pearl, Maynard lured Blackbeard into attacking his ship off the coast of North Carolina, and in the ensuing struggle Maynard and his crew killed Blackbeard.
Bob Marley
In 1976 gunmen broke into Marley's home and shot him, but he survived.
Bruce Lee
He invented the martial art called "Jeet Kune Do". Jeet Kune Do (JKD) is a hybrid martial art and philosophy founded by Bruce Lee, which emphasizes simplicity, directness, and freedom to adapt techniques to individual needs and realistic combat. It is known as the "Way of the Intercepting Fist" and focuses on intercepting an opponent's attack, using minimal movement for maximum effect.
He died of an allergic reaction to aspirin. On July 20, 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong planning to have dinner with actor George Lazenby. Lee met producer Raymond Chow at 2 p.m. at home to discuss the making of the film Game of Death. At around 7 Lee, having a headache, took a pill of painkiller f and took a nap. Chow left around an hour later to attend a dinner meeting with Lazenby, which Lee was expected to join later. When Lee did not arrive at the dinner, Chow came to the apartment at around 9.45 p.m., but he was unable to wake Lee up. A private doctorwas summoned and spent ten minutes attempting to revive Leebefore sending him by ambulance to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Lee was declared dead on arrival at the age of 32.
Buddha
His image is often mistaken by that of the fat statue, which actually depicts a monk called Budai. Budai was a legendary Chinese Buddhist monk from the 10th century. Known for his perpetually cheerful demeanor, large belly (symbolic of abundance), and a cloth sack (his namesake) from which he gave gifts, he embodies happiness, contentment, and prosperity.
He had one son, Rahula.
Ashoka, a ruoler of India, spread the teachings of Buddha. Ashoka(c. 304 – 232 BCE),was Emperor of Magadha from c. 268 BCE until his death in 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to present-day Bangladesh in the east, with its capital at Pataliputra. A patron of Buddhism, he is credited with an important role in the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia.
Charles Chaplin
He had four wives: Mildred Harris, Lita Grey, Paulette Gaudard and Oona O'Neill.
Mildred Harris was an American stage, film, and vaudeville actress during the early part of the 20th century. She began her career in the film industry as a child actress at age 10. At age 16, Harris met actor Charlie Chaplin in mid-1918, dated. They married privately on October 23, 1918, in Los Angeles. She later became pregnant. Chaplin felt she was not his intellectual equal. Their child, Norman Spencer, died in July 1919, at age 3 days, and the couple separated in Autumn 1919.
Lita Grey (April 15, 1908 – December 29, 1995) was an American actress. She was the second wife of Charlie Chaplin. At the age of 15, she met Chaplin when she heard he was testing brunettes for his next film The Gold Rush. Still a child of 15, she was initially cast as the leading lady in the film, and then-35-year-old Chaplin started a relationship with Grey. Grey soon became pregnant, and they married in secret to avoid a scandal. They had two sons, Charles Chaplin Jr. and Sydney Chaplin, born within ten months of each other in May 1925 and March 1926, respectively. The marriage was troubled from the start. The two had few interests in common, and Chaplin spent as much time as he could away from home, neglecting both his wife and his children. They divorced on August 22, 1927, due to his alleged numerous affairs with other women.
Paulette Goddard (June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an American actress and socialite. In 1932, Goddard began a relationship with Charlie Chaplin, and moved into his home in Beverly Hills. Aside from referring to Goddard as "my wife" at the October 1940 premiere of The Great Dictator, neither Goddard nor Chaplin publicly commented on their marital status during their time together. On June 3, 1942, Goddard filed for divorce in Mexico that was granted the following day. The two maintained a friendly relationship following the divorce.
The Great Dictator changed Chaplin's career. The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire black comedy film written, directed, produced by, and starring Charlie Chaplin. Having been the only major Hollywood filmmaker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, Chaplin made this his first true sound film.
After his death, Chaplin's body was stolen and went missing for fifteen days. n the early morning of Christmas Day 1977, Chaplin died at home after having a stroke in his sleep. On 1 March 1978, Chaplin's coffin was dug up and stolen from its grave by Roman Wardas and Gantcho Ganev. The body was held for ransom in an attempt to extort money from his widow, Oona Chaplin. The pair were caught in a large police operation in May, and Chaplin's coffin was found buried in a field.
Chaarles Dickens
He enjoyed performing magic under the stage name of "The Unpararelled Necromancer" or "Rhid Rhama Rhoos".
Charles Mason
The Tate–LaBianca murders were a series of murders perpetrated by members of the Manson Family during August 9–10, 1969, in Los Angeles under the direction of Tex Watson and Charles Manson. The perpetrators killed five people on the night of August 8–9: pregnant actress Sharon Tate and her companions Jay Sebring, Abigail Folger and Wojciech Frykowski, along with Steven Parent. The following evening, the Family murdered supermarket executive Leno LaBianca and his wife, Rosemary, at their home in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles.
Che Guevara
Fidel Castro made him the Finance Minister.
He was involved in the 26th July Movement against President Fulgencio Batista. The 26 July Movement was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro.
Che Guevara was executed in Bolivia.
Cleopatra
She married her brother Ptolemy XIII. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC). He was the son of Ptolemy XII and the brother of and co-ruler with Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra's exit from Egypt caused a civil war to break out between the pharaohs.
Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile. Whether he was attempting to flee or was seeking negotiations remains uncertain from sources of the time. Cleopatra VII remained the unchallenged ruler of Egypt.
Cleopatra met Julius Caesar, and from their relationship there was a child Caesarion. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar had a politically and personally significant affair that produced a son, Caesarion, solidifying Cleopatra's power in Egypt while Caesar sought to control the region. Their relationship began when Caesar aided Cleopatra in securing her throne, and it continued in Rome, where she stayed in his villa.
Cleopatra married her other brother Ptolemy XIV. Ptolemy XIV Philopator ( c. 59 – 44 BC) was nominally pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his sister-wife Cleopatra from 47 BC until his death in 44 BC.
Cleopatra had Ptolemy XIV killed after they had a son, and she also ordered the death of her sister Arsinoe.
Ptolemy died in 44 BC. It has been assumed but remains uncertain that Cleopatra poisoned her co-ruler, with aconite, to replace him with his nephew Ptolemy XV Caesar, her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on 2 September 44 BC and whom his mother intended to support as successor of his father.
Arsinoë IV (between 68 and 63 BC – 41 BC) was the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes. One of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she claimed title of Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt and co-rulership with her brother Ptolemy XIII in 48 BC – 47 BC in opposition to her sister or half-sister, Cleopatra VII.For her role in conducting the siege of Alexandria (47 BC) against Cleopatra, Arsinoë was taken as a prisoner of war to Rome by the Roman triumvir Julius Caesar following the defeat of Ptolemy XIII in the Battle of the Nile. Arsinoë was then exiled to the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Roman Anatolia, but she was executed there by orders of triumvir Mark Antony in 41 BC at the behest of his lover Cleopatra VII.
Cleopatra killed herself with an asp snake. Cleopatra died by suicide in Alexandria around August 10 or 12, 30 BC, at the age of 39, after her defeat by Roman forces and the suicide of her lover, Mark Antony. While popular legend claims she was bitten by a venomous snake, ancient sources like Plutarch and Strabo suggest she used poison, possibly in a toxic ointment or through a sharp implement, to avoid public humiliation by her conqueror, Octavian.
Elizabeth I
She invented gingerbread men. Gingerbread dates from the 15th century and figurative biscuit-making was practised in the 16th century. The first documented instance of figure-shaped gingerbread biscuits was at the court of Elizabeth I of England. She had the gingerbread figures made and presented in the likeness of some of her important guests, who brought the human shape of the gingerbread cookies.
She passed the Elizabethan poor law. The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 established a national system in England for providing relief to the poor, requiring each parish to levy a "poor rate" tax and appoint "Overseers of the Poor" to administer aid.
Galileo Galilei
Hans Lippershey was the first one to develop the idea of a telescope but Galilei improved it. Hans Lipperheywas a German-Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope, because he was the first one who tried to obtain a patent for it.
Galileo had children by Marina Gamba but they never married. Marina Gamba of Venice (c. 1570 in Venice – 21 August 1612 in Padua) was the mother of Galileo Galilei's illegitimate children. During one of his frequent trips to Venice, Galileo met a young woman named Marina, daughter of Andrea Gamba, and started a relationship with her. She moved into his house in Padua and bore him three children: Virginia (16 August 1600 – 1634), later Sister Maria Celeste; Livia (1601–1659), later Sister Arcangela; and Vincenzo (1606–1649).
Galileo was under house arrest in the last ten years of his life.
George Washington
A medical student, William Thornton, told doctors he could resurrect George WAshington with a blood transfusion from a lamb. William Thornton (May 20, 1759 – March 28, 1828) was an American physician, inventor, painter and architect who designed the United States Capitol. He also served as the first Architect of the Capitol and first Superintendent of the United States Patent Office. In the 1820s, Thornton wrote of having been summoned to Mount Vernon in December 1799, in the hopes that he would be able to treat George Washington, but of having arrived after Washington's death; as a result, he devised a plan to resurrect Washington's frozen corpse. Thornton's plan was rejected.
Harry Houdini
His stage name was based on a GRench magician, Jean-Eugene Robert-Houdin. Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin (7 December 1805 – 13 June 1871) was a French watchmaker, magician and illusionist, widely recognized as the father of the modern style of conjuring. He transformed magic from a pastime for the lower classes, seen at fairs, to an entertainment for the wealthy, which he offered in a theatre opened in Paris, a legacy preserved by the tradition of modern magicians performing in tails.
Houdini died of a burst appendix. Houdini died on October 31, 1926 at the age of 52 from peritonitis, possibly related to appendicitis and possibly related to punches to his abdomen he had received about a week and a half earlier.
Henry Ford
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot was the first one to devise the horseless carriage in 1771, but it crashed after one drive. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October 1804) was a French inventor who built the world's first full-size and working self-propelled mechanical land-vehicle, the "Fardier à vapeur" – effectively the world's first automobile.
Ford created a horseless carriage called the Quadricycle.
Success in the field came with Model T. The Ford Model T is an automobile that was produced by the Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927. It is generally regarded as the first mass-affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans.
Howard Hughes
Ella Rice ad Hughes married on June 1, 1925. They got divorced in 1929.
Elizabeth Jean Peters (October 15, 1926 – October 13, 2000) was an American film actress. She was known as a star of 20th Century Fox in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and as the second wife of Howard Hughes. During her marriage, which lasted from 1957 to 1971, Peters retired from acting and social events in Hollywood. In 1971, Peters and Hughes divorced.
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He directed the film Hell's Angels and during its production three pilots died due to the dangerous scenes. Hell's Angels is a 1930 American independent epic war film directed and produced by Howard Hughes. It starred Ben Lyon, James Hall and Jean Harlow. It follows two dissimilar brothers, both members of the British Royal Flying Corps during the First World War.
Howard Hughes developed OCD after being in several plane crashes.
He died of kidney failure. Hughes is reported to have died on April 5, 1976 on board an aircraft. An autopsy recorded kidney failure as the cause of death.
Isaac Newton
He believed the Bible had a secret code. Isaac Newton extensively studied the Bible, not to find a literal "code" in the modern sense, but to decipher its prophecies, particularly concerning the timing of the apocalypse and the Second Coming of Christ, which he believed were hidden within the text and biblical architecture.
Jack the Ripper
One suspect was William Gull, Queen Victoria's physician. Sir William Withey Gull (31 December 1816 – 29 January 1890) was an English physician. A royal conspiracy theory created in the 1970s alleged that Gull knew the identity of Jack the Ripper, or even that he was the murderer. Scholars have dismissed the idea, since Gull was 71 years old and in ill health when the murders were committed.
A scrap dealer, Michael Barret, claims to have found a diary penned by Jack the Ripper. The murderer was allegedly a cotton merchant called James Maybrick. James Maybrick (24 October 1838 – 11 May 1889) was a Liverpool cotton merchant. More than a century after his death, Maybrick was accused of being the notorious serial killer Jack the Ripper, owing to his own words in a diary, but critics countered that the diary and confession are a hoax. Forensic tests were inconclusive.
Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake. Joan was captured during the siege of Compiègne in 1430 by Burgundian forces and subsequently sold to their English allies. She was prosecuted by a pro-English ecclesiastical court at Rouen in 1431. The court found her guilty of heresy and she was burned at the stake.
Joseph Merrick
Due to his rare condition he was known as the elephant man.
John F Kennedy
He intended to marry Inga Arvad but his father forced him to leave her. Inga Marie Arvad Petersen (6 October 1913 – 12 December 1973) was a Danish-American journalist who was a guest of Adolf Hitler at the 1936 Summer Olympics and also had a romantic relationship with John F. Kennedy in 1941 and 1942.
Lee Oswald killed Kennedy and two days later he was killed by Jack Ruby. Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963. On Sunday, November 24, detectives were escorting Oswald through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters toward an armored car that was to take him from the city jail to the nearby county jail. At 11:21 a.m, Dallas nightclub operator Jack Ruby approached Oswald from the side of the crowd and shot him once in the abdomen at close range.
Joseph Stalin
He had two wives: Ekaterina Svanidze and Nedezhda Allilluyeva.
Ekaterine "Kato" Svanidze (2 April 1885 – 22 November 1907) was the first wife of Joseph Stalin and the mother of his eldest son. They were married in 1906 and she gave birth to son a few months later. The family moved to Baku to avoid arrest, though Svanidze got quite ill there and returned to Tiflis in 1907, dying shortly after her return, likely from typhoid or tuberculosis.
Nadezhda Sergeyevna Alliluyeva (22 September 1901 – 9 November 1932) was the second wife of Joseph Stalin. Having known Stalin from a young age, they married when she was 17, and had two children. She had health issues, which had an adverse impact on her relationship with Stalin. She also suspected he was unfaithful, which led to frequent arguments with him. On several occasions, Alliluyeva reportedly contemplated leaving Stalin, and after an argument, she fatally shot herself early in the morning of 9 November 1932.
Josip Broz Tito sent five assassins to kill Stalin. Josip Broz (7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980.
Stalin suffered a stroke and died five days later. On 1 March 1953, Stalin's staff found him semi-conscious on the bedroom floor of his Kuntsevo Dacha. He was moved onto a couch and remained there for three days, during which he was hand-fed using a spoon and given various medicines and injections. Stalin's condition continued to deteriorate, and he died on 5 March.
His mistress was Servilia, Brutus's mother. Servilia (c. 100 BC – after 42 BC) was a Roman matron from a distinguished family, the Servilii Caepiones. She married Marcus Junius Brutus, with whom she had a son, the Brutus whoassassinated Julius Caesar. She gained fame as the mistress of Julius Caesar Her affair with Caesar seems to have been publicly known in Rome at the time. Plutarch stated that she in turn was madly in love with Caesar. The relationship between the two probably started in 59 BC, after the death of Servilia's second husband although Plutarch implied it began when they were teenagers.
Brutus was one of the men who assassinated Caesar. Julius Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC by a group of senators during a Senate session. The conspirators, numbering between 60 and 70 individuals and led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, stabbed Caesar approximately 23 times. They justified the act as a preemptive defense of the Roman Republic, asserting that Caesar's accumulation of lifelong political authority—including his perpetual dictatorship and other honors—threatened republican traditions.
Leonardo da Vinci
The Vitruvian man was based on Vitruvius, the inventor of the elevator. Vitruvius ( c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work titled De architectura.His discussion of perfect proportion in architecture and the human body led to the famous Renaissance drawing of the Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci.
Ludwig van Beethoven
His third symphony was dedicated to Napoleon. The Symphony No. 3, titled as the Eroica Symphony, is a symphony in four movements. Beethoven originally dedicated the third symphony to Napoleon Bonaparte, who he believed embodied the democratic and anti-monarchical ideals of the French Revolution. In the autumn of 1804, Beethoven withdrew his dedication of the third symphony to Napoleon.
The Beatles' song 'Because' is based on the Moonlight sonata played backwards. The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minoris a piano sonata completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil Countess Julie "Giulietta" Guicciardi.
The symphony 5 was used for the Allies; its notes were Morse Code for the letter v. The Symphony No. 5, also known as the Fate Symphony is a symphony composed between 1804 and 1808. It is one of the best-known compositions in classical music and one of the most frequently played symphonies. Since the Second World War, it has sometimes been referred to as the "Victory Symphony". "V" is coincidentally also the Roman numeral character for the number five and the phrase "V for Victory" became a campaign of the Allies of World War II after Winston Churchill starting using it as a catchphrase in 1940. Some thirty years after this piece was written, the rhythm of the opening phrase – "dit-dit-dit-dah" – was used for the letter "V" in Morse code, though this is also coincidental.
Malcolm X
He fell out with Isalm after he learnt leader Elijah Muhammad had illegitimate children. Elijah Muhammad (October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, and self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1933 until his death in 1975.
Malcolm X was assassinated. He was shot multiple times and died from his wounds in Manhattan, New York City, on February 21, 1965, at the age of 39.
Margaret Thatcher
She worked on the chemistry of ice cream. Thatcher, worked briefly at the food conglomerate J. Lyons & Company, where she helped devise a method for whipping extra air into ice cream.
In 1984 the IRA almost assassinated her. On 12 October 1984 the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) attempted to assassinate members of the British government, including the prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England. Five people were killed, including the Conservative MP Sir Anthony Berry; more than thirty people were injured. Thatcher was uninjured.
Martin Luther King
Mohandas Ghandi
He was into marriage, and his wife was Kasturba. Kasturba Mohandas Gandhi (11 April 1869 – 22 February 1944) was an Indian political activist who was involved in the Indian independence movement during British India.
He was shot dead in 1948 by Nathuram Godse. Nathuram Vinayak Godse (19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949) was an Indian Hindu nationalist and political activist who was the assassin of Mahatma Gandhi. He shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point blank range at a multi-faith prayer meeting in Birla House in New Delhi on 30 January 1948.
Muhammad
He secluded himself in a cave called Hira on MOunt Jabal al-Nour. Here he had encounters with Angel Gabrial.
The Quran was written sixty years after his death. The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allāh). It is organized in 114 chapters which consist of individual verses.
Nelson Mandela
An important event in his life was the Sharpeville Massacre against segregation. The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960, when police opened fire on a crowd of people who had assembled outside the police station in the township of Sharpeville in the then Transvaal Province of the then Union of South Africa (today part of Gauteng) to protest against the pass laws.
Mandela created a military wing, Spear of the Nation. Its mission was to fight against the South African government to bring an end to its racist policies of apartheid.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Even though he is credited as the first one to think of a heliocentric model, there was a previous person who developed the theory: Aristarchus of Samos. Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day.
Oliver Cromwell
He was succeeded by his son. Richard Cromwell (4 October 1626 – 12 July 1712) was an English statesman who served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1658 to 1659. He was the son of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell. Following his father's death in 1658, Richard became Lord Protector, but he lacked authority.
Pablo Picasso
HIs painting Les Femmes D'Alger was the seventh most expensive paintings in the world. Les Femmes d'Alger is a series of 15 paintings and numerous drawings by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. The series, created in 1954–1955.
Pocahontas
Captain Argall kidnapped Pocahontas, killed her husband and took her to Europe. Sir Samuel Argall (b. c. 1572 or 1580 – d. 1626He is best known for his diplomacy by force with the Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy. He abducted the Chief's daughter, Pocahontas, on 13 April 1613, and held her as a captive at Henricus as security against the return of English captives and property held by Powhatan. Pocahontas had long been a friend of the English and was treated with great respect according to her rank, as the English considered her an Algonquian princess.) was an English sea captain, navigator, and Deputy-Governour of Virginia, an English colony.
POcahontas married JOhn Rolfe and had a son, Thomas. John Rolfe (c. 1585 – March 1622) was an English explorer, farmer and merchant. He is best known for being the husband of Pocahontas and the first settler in the colony of Virginia to successfully cultivate a tobacco crop for export.
Rosa Parks
The first person who actually did not give up her seat to a white person was Claudette Colvin, but she had a bad reputation. Claudette Colvin (born Claudette Austin; September 5, 1939)[1][2] is an American pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement and retired nurse aide. On March 2, 1955, she was arrested at the age of 15 in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated bus.
Sigmund Freud
Pierre Janet devised the idea of psychoanalysis but Freud took his ideas and developed them. Pierre Marie Félix Janet (30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He was the first to introduce the link between past experiences and present-day disturbances and was noted for his studies involving induced somnambulism.
Stephen Hawking
He married twice. His wives were Jane Wilde and Elaine Mason..
Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde met in the early 1960s, and married in 1965, shortly after Stephen's ALS diagnosis. Their marriage lasted for 30 years, during which they had three children, but ended in 1995.
After a tracheotomy in 1985, Hawking required a full-time nurse and nursing care was split across three shifts daily. In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness. In February 1990, Hawking told Jane that he was leaving her for Mason and departed the family home. After his divorce from Jane in 1995, Hawking married Mason in September.
Steve Jobs
Ted Bundy
Thomas Edison
Edison shot a short film 'The kiss' in which a couple kiss for several minutes. The Kiss is an 1896 short film, and was one of the first films ever shown commercially to the public. Around 18 seconds long, it depicts a re-enactment of the kiss between May Irwin and John Rice from the final scene of the stage musical The Widow Jones.
Thomas Jefferson
Tutankhamun
His wife was Ankhesenamun. Ankhesenamun was an ancient Egyptian queen who lived during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. Born Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti. She became the Great Royal Wife of Tutankhamun.
His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. The tomb of Tutankhamun was discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1922 by excavators led by the Egyptologist Howard Carter, more than 3,300 years after Tutankhamun's death and burial. Whereas the tombs of most pharaohs were plundered by graverobbers in ancient times, Tutankhamun's tomb was hidden by debris for most of its existence and therefore not extensively robbed. It thus became the only known near-intact royal burial from ancient Egypt.
Queen Victoria
There were eight assassination attempts. One was done by a dwarf, John William Bean. John William Bean (1824 – 19 July 1882) was a British criminal and mental patient. He was most known for attempting in 1842 to assassinate Queen Victoria with a gun loaded with paper and tobacco. Born a dwarf with a hunchback, Bean shot at the Queen because he wanted to be transported to a penal colony as he was unhappy with his life in England. Instead he was sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment for misdemeanour assault. Bean died in 1882 after committing suicide.
Queen Victoria was delivered by a woman gynecologist, Marianne Heidenreich. Marian Theodore Charlotte Heidenreich von Siebold (12 September 1788 – 8 July 1859) was a German physician. She is regarded as the first gynecologist in Germany.
Vincent van Gogh
His sister, Wilhelmina, was a feminist and was put in a psychiatric care home for 40 years. Wilhelmina Jacoba van Gogh (16 March 1862 – 17 May 1941) was a nurse, teacher of scripture, and early Dutch feminist.
During his lifetime he sold two paintings: The Red Vineyard and his self-portrait. The Red Vineyards near Arles is an oil painting by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh, executed on a privately primed Toile de 30 piece of burlap in early November 1888. It depicts workers in a vineyard, and it is the only painting known by name that Van Gogh sold in his lifetime.
He cut off part of his lef ear during an intense argument with artist Eugene Gauguin. Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and writer, whose work has been primarily associated with the Post-Impressionist and Symbolist movements.
Lenin
His brother Aleksander was executed for being part of the faction that intended to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (12 April 1866 – 20 May 1887) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist who was executed for planning an assassination against Alexander III of Russia. Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother into fervent political activity. Before Aleksandr's arrest, Lenin and the family had not known of Aleksander's activism and were comfortably middle class and essentially apolitical, holding no strong feelings for or against the Russian monarchy.
Leo Trotsky was supposed to replace him but Stalin came into power. Leo Trotsky (7 November 1879 – 21 August 1940)was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and political theorist. He was a key figure in the 1905 Revolution, October Revolution of 1917, Russian Civil War, and the establishment of the Soviet Union, from which he was exiled in 1929 before his assassination in 1940. Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were widely considered the two most prominent figures in the Soviet state from 1917 until Lenin's death in 1924.
Walt Disney
HIs first animation studio was Laugh-O-Gram. The Laugh-O-Gram Studio (also Laugh-O-Gram Films) was an American animation studio founded by Walt Disney on June 28, 1921 and closed on October 16, 1923.
He created Mickey Mouse with animator Ub Iwerks. Ubbe Ert "Ub" Iwerks (March 24, 1901 – July 7, 1971), was an American animator, cartoonist, character designer, inventor, and special effects technician. He was known for his early work with Walt Disney, especially for having worked on the creation of Mickey Mouse and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, among other characters.
Winston Churchill
It was said that some of his speeches were delivered by Norman Shelley on the radio. Norman Shelley (16 February 1903 – 21 August 1980) was a British actor, best known for his work in radio, in particular for the BBC's Children's Hour.A recurring rumour holds that, because the House of Commons was not set up for location recording at that time, some of Winston Churchill's most famous speeches to Parliament during the Second World War were subsequently recorded for radio broadcast by Shelley, impersonating Churchill. The rumour has been promoted by David Irving, to support his unflattering view of Churchill.
Hitler tried to kill Churchill with an explosive hidden in a chocolate bar.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
His sister Maria Anna was an excellent pianist. Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia "Marianne" Mozart (30 July 1751 – 29 October 1829), nicknamed Nannerl, was a highly regarded musician from Salzburg, Austria. In her childhood, she developed into an outstanding keyboard player under the tutelage of her father Leopold. She became a celebrated child prodigy and went on concert tours through much of Europe with her parents and her younger brother Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At age 17, her career as a touring musician came to an end, though she continued to work at home teaching piano and performing on occasion.
Gustave Whitehead also flew a plane but no photos were taken. Gustave Albin Whitehead (born Gustav Albin Weisskopf; 1 January 1874 – 10 October 1927) was a German–American aviation pioneer. Between 1897 and 1915, he designed and built gliders, flying machines, and engines. Controversy surrounds published accounts and Whitehead's own claims that he flew a powered machine successfully several times in 1901 and 1902, predating the first flights by the Wright brothers in 1903.
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