First Published: March 23, 2018
This book is a compilation of facts about some outstanding figures in history. I will record here some of the figures and some of the facts.
Abraham Lincoln
He issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the Civil War, declaring that enslaved people in Confederate-held states were to be freed.
John Wilkes assassinated Lincoln. John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated United States president Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. A member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland, he was a noted actor who was also a Confederate sympathizer; denouncing Lincoln, he lamented the then-recent abolition of slavery in the United States.
Adolph Hitler
His doctor Eduard Bloch, who treated him as a child, was a Jew and Hitler protected him during the Holocaust. Eduard Bloch (30 January 1872 – 1 June 1945) was an Austrian physician practicing in Linz. Bloch was the family doctor of Adolf Hitler and his family until 1907. Following the German annexation of Austria in 1938, Hitler described him as a Edeljude – a noble Jew, and bestowed him Geheime Staatspolizei protection in the midst of Kristallnacht and the escalation of anti-Jewish sentiment in Germany.
Hitler was in love with his niece Geli Raubal. Angela Maria "Geli" Raubal (4 June 1908 – 18 September 1931) was an Austrian woman who was the half-niece of Adolf Hitler. Raubal lived in close contact with her half-uncle Adolf from 1925 until her presumed suicide in 1931.
Eva Braun tried to commit suicide twice during her relationship with Hitler.
Renate Muller was Hitler's mistress and she committed suicide. Renate Müller (26 April 1906 – 7 October 1937) was a German singer and actress in both silent films and sound films, as well as on stage. One of the most successful actresses in German films from the early 1930s, she was courted by the Nazi Party to appear in films that promoted their ideals, but refused. Her sudden death at the age of 31 was initially attributed to epilepsy, but after the end of World War II, some commentators asserted that she was in fact murdered by Gestapo officers, others that she committed suicide. The true circumstances of her death remain unknown.
Akhenaten
He established Aten as the only god. Aten (or Aton) was the solar disk of the sun in ancient Egypt, worshipped as the creator and giver of life. Under the pharaoh Akhenaten, Aten's worship was elevated to a monotheistic, or even henotheistic, state religion, making it the single supreme deity, a concept unique for its time.
He founded the city of Amarna. Amarna is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.
Al Capone
He started as aa bodyguard of Johnny Torrio, and when he was killed, Al Capone took over from him. John Donato Torrio ( January 20, 1882 – April 16, 1957) was an Italian-born mobster who helped build the Chicago Outfit in the 1920s later inherited by his protégé Al Capone.
An important event connected to Al Capone is the St Valentine Massacre. The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre was the gangland murder of seven men associated with Chicago's North Side Gang on February 14, 1929, at a garage in Lincoln Park. Men disguised as police officers carried out the killings with submachine guns, and while Al Capone's South Side Gang was widely suspected of orchestrating the attack, the shooters were never identified or prosecuted. The infamous event, a brutal act in the Prohibition-era power struggle for control of Chicago's illegal alcohol trade, left a lasting impression of gang violence and helped solidify Capone's dominance.
Al Capone's brother James was a prohibition agent and personal bodyguard of President Calvin Coolidge. Richard James "Two-Gun" Hart (March 28, 1892 – October 1, 1952) was an Italian-American sharpshooter and prohibition agent, who was noted for being the elder brother of gangsters Al Capone.
He was married twice. His wives were Mileva Maric and Elsa Lowenthal.
Mileva Marić (19 December 1875 – 4 August 1948) was a Serbian physicist and mathematician. She showed intellectual aptitude from a young age and studied at Zürich Polytechnic in a highly male dominated field, after having studied medicine for one semester at Zürich University. One of her study colleagues at university was her future husband Albert Einstein, to whose early work Marić is thought by some to have contributed (in particular the annus mirabilis papers).
Alexander the Great
He was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16,
His father was Philip II, who had seven wives simultaneously. Olympias was Alexander's mother. The kings of Macedon practiced polygamy. Philip II had seven wives throughout his life, all members of royalty from foreign dynasties, and all of which were considered queens, making their children royalty as well.
His other wives were Stateria II and Parysaatis II.
Stateira (died 323 BC), possibly also known as Barsine, was the daughter of Stateira and Darius III of Persia. After her father's defeat at the Battle of Issus, Stateira and her sisters became captives of Alexander of Macedon. They were treated well, and she became Alexander's second wife.
Parysatis, the youngest daughter of Artaxerxes III of Persia, married Alexander the Great in 324 BC at the Susa weddings. She may have been murdered by Alexander's first wife, Roxana, in 323 BC.
Alexander Graham Bell
Although he is considered the inventor of the telephone, the real inventor was Antonio Meucci. Graham Bell got the first patent for the invention. Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.
He created the Lyceum. The Lyceum was a temple in Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus. It was best known for the Peripatetic school of philosophy founded there by Aristotle in 334 BC.
The Beatles
The name was coined by the original bass player, Stu Sutcliffe. Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe (23 June 1940 – 10 April 1962) was a British painter and musician from Edinburgh, Scotland, best known as the original bass guitarist of the Beatles. Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter.
Pete Best was the drummer before Ringo Starr.
John Lennon was killed by Mark Chapman. Mark David Chapman (born May 10, 1955) is an American man who murdered English musician John Lennon in New York City on December 8, 1980. Chapman fired five shots at the musician from a few yards away; Lennon was hit four times from the back. He was rushed to Roosevelt Hospital and pronounced dead on arrival. Chapman remained at the scene following the shooting and made no attempt to flee or resist arrest.
Benjamin Franklin
Benito Mussolini
He was elected Prime Minister in 1922. His rise to total power culminated with the 1924 elections .
His first wife was Rachele Guidi.
Benito Mussolini was executed by anti-fascist partisans on April 28, 1945, in Giulino di Mezzegra, Italy, while trying to escape to Switzerland with his mistress, Clara Petacci, and other fascists. He and the others were captured, and after being shot, their bodies were hung upside down from a scaffold in Milan's Piazzale Loreto for public display, an act of rough justice in retaliation for the fascists' recent murders of patriots.
Black Beard
He was a pirate for just fifteen months. Lieutenant Robert Maynard ambushed and killed him. In November 1718, Maynard was tasked with hunting down and capturing the notorious pirate Blackbeard. While leading HMS Pearl, Maynard lured Blackbeard into attacking his ship off the coast of North Carolina, and in the ensuing struggle Maynard and his crew killed Blackbeard.
Bob Marley
In 1976 gunmen broke into Marley's home and shot him, but he survived.
Bruce Lee
He invented the martial art called "Jeet Kune Do". Jeet Kune Do (JKD) is a hybrid martial art and philosophy founded by Bruce Lee, which emphasizes simplicity, directness, and freedom to adapt techniques to individual needs and realistic combat. It is known as the "Way of the Intercepting Fist" and focuses on intercepting an opponent's attack, using minimal movement for maximum effect.
He died of an allergic reaction to aspirin. On July 20, 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong planning to have dinner with actor George Lazenby. Lee met producer Raymond Chow at 2 p.m. at home to discuss the making of the film Game of Death. At around 7 Lee, having a headache, took a pill of painkiller f and took a nap. Chow left around an hour later to attend a dinner meeting with Lazenby, which Lee was expected to join later. When Lee did not arrive at the dinner, Chow came to the apartment at around 9.45 p.m., but he was unable to wake Lee up. A private doctorwas summoned and spent ten minutes attempting to revive Leebefore sending him by ambulance to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Lee was declared dead on arrival at the age of 32.
Buddha
His image is often mistaken by that of the fat statue, which actually depicts a monk called Budai. Budai was a legendary Chinese Buddhist monk from the 10th century. Known for his perpetually cheerful demeanor, large belly (symbolic of abundance), and a cloth sack (his namesake) from which he gave gifts, he embodies happiness, contentment, and prosperity.
He had one son, Rahula.
Ashoka, a ruoler of India, spread the teachings of Buddha. Ashoka(c. 304 – 232 BCE),was Emperor of Magadha from c. 268 BCE until his death in 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty. His empire covered a large part of the Indian subcontinent, stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to present-day Bangladesh in the east, with its capital at Pataliputra. A patron of Buddhism, he is credited with an important role in the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia.
Charles Chaplin
He had four wives: Mildred Harris, Lita Grey, Paulette Gaudard and Oona O'Neill.
Mildred Harris was an American stage, film, and vaudeville actress during the early part of the 20th century. She began her career in the film industry as a child actress at age 10. At age 16, Harris met actor Charlie Chaplin in mid-1918, dated. They married privately on October 23, 1918, in Los Angeles. She later became pregnant. Chaplin felt she was not his intellectual equal. Their child, Norman Spencer, died in July 1919, at age 3 days, and the couple separated in Autumn 1919.
Lita Grey (April 15, 1908 – December 29, 1995) was an American actress. She was the second wife of Charlie Chaplin. At the age of 15, she met Chaplin when she heard he was testing brunettes for his next film The Gold Rush. Still a child of 15, she was initially cast as the leading lady in the film, and then-35-year-old Chaplin started a relationship with Grey. Grey soon became pregnant, and they married in secret to avoid a scandal. They had two sons, Charles Chaplin Jr. and Sydney Chaplin, born within ten months of each other in May 1925 and March 1926, respectively. The marriage was troubled from the start. The two had few interests in common, and Chaplin spent as much time as he could away from home, neglecting both his wife and his children. They divorced on August 22, 1927, due to his alleged numerous affairs with other women.
Paulette Goddard (June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an American actress and socialite. In 1932, Goddard began a relationship with Charlie Chaplin, and moved into his home in Beverly Hills. Aside from referring to Goddard as "my wife" at the October 1940 premiere of The Great Dictator, neither Goddard nor Chaplin publicly commented on their marital status during their time together. On June 3, 1942, Goddard filed for divorce in Mexico that was granted the following day. The two maintained a friendly relationship following the divorce.
The Great Dictator changed Chaplin's career. The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire black comedy film written, directed, produced by, and starring Charlie Chaplin. Having been the only major Hollywood filmmaker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, Chaplin made this his first true sound film.
After his death, Chaplin's body was stolen and went missing for fifteen days. n the early morning of Christmas Day 1977, Chaplin died at home after having a stroke in his sleep. On 1 March 1978, Chaplin's coffin was dug up and stolen from its grave by Roman Wardas and Gantcho Ganev. The body was held for ransom in an attempt to extort money from his widow, Oona Chaplin. The pair were caught in a large police operation in May, and Chaplin's coffin was found buried in a field.
Chaarles Dickens
He enjoyed performing magic under the stage name of "The Unpararelled Necromancer" or "Rhid Rhama Rhoos".
Charles Mason
The Tate–LaBianca murders were a series of murders perpetrated by members of the Manson Family during August 9–10, 1969, in Los Angeles under the direction of Tex Watson and Charles Manson. The perpetrators killed five people on the night of August 8–9: pregnant actress Sharon Tate and her companions Jay Sebring, Abigail Folger and Wojciech Frykowski, along with Steven Parent. The following evening, the Family murdered supermarket executive Leno LaBianca and his wife, Rosemary, at their home in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles.
Che Guevara
Fidel Castro made him the Finance Minister.
He was involved in the 26th July Movement against President Fulgencio Batista. The 26 July Movement was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro.
Che Guevara was executed in Bolivia.
Cleopatra
She married her brother Ptolemy XIII. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ( c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BC). He was the son of Ptolemy XII and the brother of and co-ruler with Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra's exit from Egypt caused a civil war to break out between the pharaohs.
Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile. Whether he was attempting to flee or was seeking negotiations remains uncertain from sources of the time. Cleopatra VII remained the unchallenged ruler of Egypt.
Cleopatra met Julius Caesar, and from their relationship there was a child Caesarion. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar had a politically and personally significant affair that produced a son, Caesarion, solidifying Cleopatra's power in Egypt while Caesar sought to control the region. Their relationship began when Caesar aided Cleopatra in securing her throne, and it continued in Rome, where she stayed in his villa.
Cleopatra married her other brother Ptolemy XIV. Ptolemy XIV Philopator ( c. 59 – 44 BC) was nominally pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his sister-wife Cleopatra from 47 BC until his death in 44 BC.
Cleopatra had Ptolemy XIV killed after they had a son, and she also ordered the death of her sister Arsinoe.
Ptolemy died in 44 BC. It has been assumed but remains uncertain that Cleopatra poisoned her co-ruler, with aconite, to replace him with his nephew Ptolemy XV Caesar, her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on 2 September 44 BC and whom his mother intended to support as successor of his father.
Arsinoë IV (between 68 and 63 BC – 41 BC) was the youngest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes. One of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she claimed title of Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt and co-rulership with her brother Ptolemy XIII in 48 BC – 47 BC in opposition to her sister or half-sister, Cleopatra VII.For her role in conducting the siege of Alexandria (47 BC) against Cleopatra, Arsinoë was taken as a prisoner of war to Rome by the Roman triumvir Julius Caesar following the defeat of Ptolemy XIII in the Battle of the Nile. Arsinoë was then exiled to the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Roman Anatolia, but she was executed there by orders of triumvir Mark Antony in 41 BC at the behest of his lover Cleopatra VII.
Cleopatra killed herself with an asp snake. Cleopatra died by suicide in Alexandria around August 10 or 12, 30 BC, at the age of 39, after her defeat by Roman forces and the suicide of her lover, Mark Antony. While popular legend claims she was bitten by a venomous snake, ancient sources like Plutarch and Strabo suggest she used poison, possibly in a toxic ointment or through a sharp implement, to avoid public humiliation by her conqueror, Octavian.
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